Bibliography

The Research Behind Our Work

Every peer-reviewed paper, book, and report cited across our six insight pillars, in one place. 50 sources, grouped by decade, each deep-linked to its DOI or canonical source, and cross-referenced to the pillars that draw on it.

2020s 15

  1. Goleman, D. (2026). "Public statement on preferring "EI" over "EQ"." danielgoleman.info
    external link ↗
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  2. Fortune Business Insights (2025). "Emotion AI Market Size, Share and Industry Analysis." Fortune Business Insights
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inEmotional AI
  3. Grand View Research, Mordor Intelligence, IMARC Group, Verified Market Research, Data Bridge (2025). "Affective Computing Market Aggregated Estimates (2024-2025)." Industry aggregators
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inEmotional AI
  4. Hu, J., Xu, C., Li, Y. et al. (2025). "EmoBench-M: Benchmarking Emotional Intelligence for Multimodal Large Language Models." arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.04424
    external link ↗
    Cited inEmotional AI
  5. World Health Organization, Commission on Social Connection (2025). "From loneliness to social connection: charting a path to healthier societies." WHO, Geneva (ISBN 978-92-4-011236-0)
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  6. Forbes Health Editorial Team (2024). "Dating App Fatigue: Survey Report on User Burnout." Forbes Health
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & ConnectionEmotional Compatibility
  7. Gallup (2024). "Global Emotions Report and Social Connections tracking polls." Gallup Poll Social Series
    external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  8. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024). "American Time Use Survey - 2024 Results." U.S. Department of Labor
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  9. Weissbourd, R., Batanova, M., Lovison, V. & Torres, E. (2024). "Loneliness in America: Just the Tip of the Iceberg?." Harvard Graduate School of Education, Making Caring Common Project
    external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  10. Gallup & Meta (2023). "The Global State of Social Connections." Gallup, 142-country survey
    external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  11. U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy (2023). "Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  12. Cene, C. W., Beckie, T. M., Sims, M., Suglia, S. F., Aggarwal, B., Moise, N. et al. (2022). "Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association." Journal of the American Heart Association, 11(16), e026493
    see data on our stats hub · DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.026493
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  13. Bailenson, J. N. (2021). "Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument for the Causes of Zoom Fatigue." Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(1)
    DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000030
    Cited inEmotional Messaging
  14. Cox, D. A. (2021). "The State of American Friendship: Change, Challenges, and Loss." Survey Center on American Life, American Enterprise Institute
    see data on our stats hub · external link ↗
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  15. Kumar, A. & Epley, N. (2021). "It's surprisingly nice to hear you: Misunderstanding the impact of communication media on connection." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(3), 595-607
    DOI: 10.1037/xge0000962
    Cited inEmotional Messaging

2010s 14

  1. Gesselman, A. N., Ta, V. P. & Garcia, J. R. (2019). "Worth a thousand interpersonal words: Emoji as affective signals for relationship-oriented digital communication." PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0221297
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221297
    Cited inEmotional Messaging
  2. Boothby, E. J., Cooney, G., Sandstrom, G. M. & Clark, M. S. (2018). "The Liking Gap in Conversations: Do People Like Us More Than We Think?." Psychological Science, 29(11), 1742-1756
    DOI: 10.1177/0956797618783714
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection
  3. Barrett, L. F. (2017). "How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain." Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
    Cited inEmotional AI
  4. Barrett, L. F. (2017). "The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(1), 1-23
    DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw154
    Cited inEmotional Self
  5. Critchley, H. D. & Garfinkel, S. N. (2017). "Interoception and emotion." Current Opinion in Psychology, 17, 7-14
    DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.020
    Cited inEmotional Self
  6. Hiirola, A., Pirkola, S., Karukivi, M., Markkula, N., Bagby, R. M., Joukamaa, M. et al. (2017). "An evaluation of the absolute and relative stability of alexithymia over 11 years in a Finnish general population." Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 94, 14-21
    see data on our stats hub · DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.01.002
    Cited inEmotional IntelligenceEmotional Self
  7. Riordan, M. A. (2017). "Emojis as tools for emotion work: Communicating affect in text messages." Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 36(5), 549-567
    DOI: 10.1177/0261927X17704238
    Cited inEmotional Messaging
  8. Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F. & McKnight, P. E. (2015). "Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity." Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 10-16
    DOI: 10.1177/0963721414550708
    Cited inEmotional Self
  9. Sherman, L. E., Michikyan, M. & Greenfield, P. M. (2013). "The effects of text, audio, video, and in-person communication on bonding between friends." Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(2)
    DOI: 10.5817/CP2013-2-3
    Cited inEmotional Messaging
  10. Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis, H. T. & Sprecher, S. (2012). "Online Dating: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of Psychological Science." Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(1), 3-66
    DOI: 10.1177/1529100612436522
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility
  11. Bar-On, R. (2011). "EQ-i 2.0: Emotional Quotient Inventory, 2.0 Edition." Multi-Health Systems
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  12. Hershfield, H. E., Goldstein, D. G., Sharpe, W. F., Fox, J., Yeykelis, L., Carstensen, L. L. & Bailenson, J. N. (2011). "Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self." Journal of Marketing Research, 48(SPL), S23-S37
    DOI: 10.1509/jmkr.48.SPL.S23
    Cited inEmotional Messaging
  13. Turkle, S. (2011). "Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other." Basic Books
    Cited inEmotional AI
  14. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B. & Layton, J. B. (2010). "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review." PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316
    see data on our stats hub · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
    Cited inLoneliness & Connection

2000s 6

  1. Craig, A. D. (2009). "How do you feel - now? The anterior insula and human awareness." Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(1), 59-70
    DOI: 10.1038/nrn2555
    Cited inEmotional Self
  2. Franz, M., Popp, K., Schaefer, R., Sitte, W., Schneider, C., Hardt, J. et al. (2008). "Alexithymia in the German general population." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(1), 54-62
    see data on our stats hub · DOI: 10.1007/s00127-007-0265-1
    Cited inEmotional IntelligenceEmotional Self
  3. Boyatzis, R. E. & Goleman, D. (2007). "Emotional and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI): A user guide for accredited practitioners." Hay Group / Korn Ferry
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  4. Kruger, J., Epley, N., Parker, J. & Ng, Z.-W. (2005). "Egocentrism over e-mail: Can we communicate as well as we think?." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 925-936
    see data on our stats hub · DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.925
    Cited inEmotional IntelligenceEmotional Messaging
  5. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. & Caruso, D. R. (2002). "Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) User's Manual." Multi-Health Systems
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  6. Fraley, R. C. & Shaver, P. R. (2000). "Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions." Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 132-154
    DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility

1990s 9

  1. Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). "Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process." Psychological Science, 8(3), 162-166
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x
    Cited inEmotional Self
  2. Picard, R. W. (1997). "Affective Computing." MIT Press
    Cited inEmotional AI
  3. Goleman, D. (1995). "Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ." Bantam Books
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  4. Hutchins, E. (1995). "Cognition in the Wild." MIT Press
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  5. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A. & Taylor, G. J. (1994). "The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure." Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23-32
    DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence
  6. Russell, J. A. (1994). "Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies." Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 102-141
    DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102
    Cited inEmotional AI
  7. Ekman, P. (1992). "An argument for basic emotions." Cognition and Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200
    DOI: 10.1080/02699939208411068
    Cited inEmotional AI
  8. Gottman, J. M. & Levenson, R. W. (1992). "Marital processes predictive of later dissolution: Behavior, physiology, and health." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(2), 221-233
    DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.221
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility
  9. Salovey, P. & Mayer, J. D. (1990). "Emotional Intelligence." Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211
    DOI: 10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
    Cited inEmotional Intelligence

1980s 2

  1. Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). "Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524
    DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility
  2. Lane, R. D. & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). "Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitive-developmental theory and its application to psychopathology." American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(2), 133-143
    DOI: 10.1176/ajp.144.2.133
    Cited inEmotional Self

1970s 3

  1. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). "Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation." Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility
  2. Spanier, G. B. (1976). "Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(1), 15-28
    DOI: 10.2307/350547
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility
  3. Mehrabian, A. (1971). "Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes." Wadsworth, UCLA
    see data on our stats hub
    Cited inEmotional Messaging

1960s 1

  1. Bowlby, J. (1969). "Attachment and Loss, Vol. 1: Attachment." Basic Books
    Cited inEmotional Compatibility

Looking for the numbers?

For the quantified claims (loneliness prevalence, alexithymia rate, dating-app exhaustion, etc.), see /stats. For the underlying argument, read the founding thesis.

Browse statistics → Read the founding thesis → Explore the pillars →